Dairy cow bedding is far more than a comfort factor — it plays a critical role in udder health, mastitis risk, ammonia emissions and overall herd performance. With volatile weather patterns affecting straw supplies and increasing financial pressure on farms, choosing and managing bedding effectively has never been more important. From sand, straw and wood shavings to alkaline, acidic and natural zeolite-based conditioners, understanding how moisture, pH and microbial activity interact within bedding systems is key. A strategic, science-led approach can reduce environmental mastitis, limit ammonia losses and improve cow welfare — while protecting long-term farm sustainability.

Healthy, productive dairy herds start with calves. From birth, nutrition and immune support shape growth, fertility and future milk yield. Optimising dam nutrition during gestation and transition, alongside early-life care for calves, ensures strong immune development, better resilience to disease, and improved long-term herd profitability. Understanding the microbial and nutritional factors at each life stage can transform youngstock into robust, high-performing cows.

“Folklore husbandry” describes livestock practices passed down through habit rather than science. While some methods are convenient, relying on anecdote over evidence can limit welfare and productivity. Advances in genetics, nutrition, housing, and gut health now show that calves thrive on more milk, improving immunity and growth, and supporting better first-lactation yields. By combining practical experience with research-backed strategies, farmers can move beyond tradition to achieve optimal animal care and herd performance.

Umbilical cord care is often overlooked in calf management, yet proper attention is critical to preventing infections such as navel-ill, which can lead to arthritis and other complications. Topical treatments like iodine or chlorhexidine support rapid healing and safe stump detachment, but hygiene, colostrum intake, and overall immune development are equally vital. Combining targeted umbilical care with good pen management ensures stronger, healthier calves ready to thrive.